Certified Prevention Specialist CPS Practice Exam

According to Hawkins and Catalano, which of the following is NOT a category that protective factors fall into?

1. Healthy beliefs and clear standards

2. Bonding

3. External support system

4. Individual characteristics

The correct answer is: External support system

The correct identification of the category that protective factors do not fall into is rooted in the model proposed by Hawkins and Catalano, which classifies protective factors into specific categories that promote healthy development and reduce the likelihood of engaging in harmful behaviors. Healthy beliefs and clear standards promote resilience by establishing a foundation of positive values and expectations for behavior. Bonding refers to the connections and relationships an individual has with others, such as family, friends, and community, which can provide emotional support and guidance. Individual characteristics encompass personal traits, skills, and attributes that influence an individual's ability to navigate challenges effectively. On the other hand, while external support systems are indeed crucial for well-being, they do not directly align with the specific classifications established by Hawkins and Catalano for protective factors. Their framework emphasizes the intrinsic elements of bonding and personal characteristics, and while external supports can complement these factors, they are not categorized as one of the primary factors themselves. This distinction highlights the integral nature of personal and relational factors in fostering resilience, rather than relying solely on external systems, which play a different but still valuable role in an individual's network of support.